B12 101

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a nutrient that is essential for the proper functioning of the brain and the nervous system. It plays a role in the production of myelin, a fatty substance that surrounds and protects nerve fibers, and is needed for the synthesis of neurotransmitters, which are chemical messengers that help to transmit signals in the brain and throughout the body.Vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to a number of neurological problems, including difficulty with balance, numbness and tingling in the extremities, and difficulty with memory and cognitive function. Severe vitamin B12 deficiency can also cause anemia, which can lead to fatigue and weakness.Vitamin B12 is found in a variety of foods, including animal products such as meat, fish, poultry, eggs, and dairy products. It is also available as a dietary supplement, and is often included in multivitamins. Vitamin B12 deficiency is most commonly seen in people who are vegetarian or vegan, or in people who have trouble absorbing the nutrient due to certain medical conditions or medications.There are several forms of vitamin B12, including:

1. Methylcobalamin: This is a form of vitamin B12 that is found naturally in the body and is involved in the metabolism of proteins, fats, and carbohydrates. It is also involved in the production of red blood cells and the synthesis of DNA.
2. Cyanocobalamin: This is a synthetic form of vitamin B12 that is commonly used in dietary supplements and fortified foods. It is converted to the active forms of vitamin B12 in the body, such as methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin.
3. Adenosylcobalamin: This is another form of vitamin B12 that is found naturally in the body and is involved in the metabolism of proteins and fats. It is also involved in the production of red blood cells and the synthesis of DNA.
4. Hydroxocobalamin: This is a form of vitamin B12 that is used as a dietary supplement and for the treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency. Hydroxocobalamin is converted to the active forms of vitamin B12 in the body, such as methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin, which are involved in various metabolic processes.

All forms of vitamin B12 play important roles in the body and are essential for the proper functioning of the brain and the nervous system. It is important to get enough vitamin B12 through the diet or through supplements, as deficiency can lead to a variety of health problems.